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                      "x":  101,
                      "y":  101,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Corporations",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  2,
                      "x":  268,
                      "y":  93,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Capital Structure",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  3,
                      "x":  108,
                      "y":  299,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Securities Regulation",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  4,
                      "x":  465,
                      "y":  50,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Debt Securities \n(Bonds)",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  5,
                      "x":  489,
                      "y":  215,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Equity Securities\n(Stocks)",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  6,
                      "x":  354,
                      "y":  342,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Fed: Rule 10b-5",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  7,
                      "x":  108,
                      "y":  409,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Fed: Section 16(b)",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  8,
                      "x":  656,
                      "y":  51,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Arise when corporation has borrowed funds from investors and\npromises to repay them. Holders have no ownership interest.",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  9,
                      "x":  654,
                      "y":  121,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "1. Secured debt (Bonds)\n2. Unsecured (Debenture)",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  10,
                      "x":  850,
                      "y":  121,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "1. Pay to holder (Bearer / Coupon)\n2. Pay to reg. owner (Registered)",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  11,
                      "x":  654,
                      "y":  205,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Authorized Shares: Shares described in Articles of Incorp.\nIssued and Outstanding: Shares that have been sold\nAuthorized but Unissued: Reacquired: buyback / redemption\nClassification: May have only one type of ownership interest\n(common stock) or classes or series with varying rights. Articles of\nIncorp must describe the classes \u0026 rights (E.g. “Class A Preferred”)\nStock Subscriptions: Subscribers promise to buy corp. stock\nPar value: Set in Articles of Incorp. Very rare modernly.\nWatered stock: Sold less than par: directors liable for “water”\nUnpaid stock: Shareholder has not paid. Creditors may reach.",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  12,
                      "x":  659,
                      "y":  404,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "of the Securities \u0026 Exchange Commission\nThe general anti-fraud provision (1943)\nApplies to trade in ANY security",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  13,
                      "x":  662,
                      "y":  491,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Insider Trading ",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  14,
                      "x":  1126,
                      "y":  226,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "1. Standing: Plaintiff either bought / sold security\nbased on fraud or omission, and suffered damages.\n2. Jurisdiction: Federal case if defendant used\nmeans of interstate commerce or stock exchange\n3. Materiality: The fact misstated or omitted one\nreasonable investor would attach importance to.\n4. Scienter: Intentionally, knowingly, or with\n(extreme?) recklessness. Must plead w/ particularity\n5. Reliance: (aka transaction causation) In fraud\ncases, plaintiff relied on misstatement in trading\n6. Causation: (aka loss causation) The plaintiff\nmust show that the fraud caused her damages. If\nplaintiff benefited from trade, no case.\n7. Connection: “In connection with” the buying /\nselling of a security. Close in time.",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  15,
                      "x":  1130,
                      "y":  513,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Fraud by omission: Insiders duty to “abstain or\ndisclose” re. trading on inside information\nReliance: Loss causation too hard to prove. Use\nreasonable investor or fraud on the market.\nWho\u0027s liable: Insiders, Tippers, Tippees, \u0026\nMisappropriators",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  16,
                      "x":  101,
                      "y":  548,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "of the Securities \u0026 Exchange Act of 1934\nOrig. insider trading provision, only for SEC Reporting Companies\n(On a nat\u0027l exchange OR 500+ shares \u0026 $10 mil in assets)",
                      "label":  ""
                  },
                  {
                      "id":  17,
                      "x":  595,
                      "y":  607,
                      "width":  140,
                      "height":  40,
                      "content":  "Short swing trading: Insiders (officer, director, or 10%+\nshareholder) can\u0027t sell / purch., or purch. / sell corp\u0027s stock in 6 mo.\nStrict liability: Irrebutable presumption of misconduct. No fault\n“Terror damages”: Lowest price in, highest price out in 6 mo.",
                      "label":  ""
                  }
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